∫ e − x d x , u = − x u = − x d u = − d x {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}&\int {e^{-x}}dx,\quad u=-x\\[2ex]&u=-x\\[2ex]&du=-dx\\[2ex]\end{aligned}}}
∫ e − x d x = − ∫ e u d u = − e u + C = − e − x + C {\displaystyle \int {e^{-x}}dx=-\int {e^{u}}du=-e^{u}+C=-e^{-x}+C}